The study referred to by Earl Howe is open to criticism. 
The 
authors themselves note: "it 
is accepted that a cross sectional study is not the most robust design for 
assessing the impact of water fluoridation. However, the cost implications for a 
study design that would include prospective monitoring of birth cohorts, serial 
cross sectional surveys that include analysis of diet and total fluoride intake 
with anthropometric measurements would be cost prohibitive and beyond the scope 
of this project. Nevertheless, the aforementioned are important considerations 
to be taken during study design." 
They 
also note that  children in Manchester were more likely to not rinse after 
brushing their teeth and therefore more likely to swallow their toothpaste - 
hence the higher fluorosis levels. Full paper available at:
Stephen
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